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And retailer ramsey outdoor give rugged outdoor apparel to hudson united way for
sandy victims A bigname clothing outfit known for its rugged outdoor gear and a
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mayor michael gonnelli. So grateful to the groups that have donated material to
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open and see what in the box.United way had intended to open the retail store on
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Creative organizing Is it just me?Or do you struggle with the concept of goodie
bags for kid's parties, too?It seems a child doesn't go anywhere without
ultimately coming home with something.As an organizer, i struggle with that.On
the one hand, it is fun.On the other hand, i see it as contributing to a life
long expectation that fun equals stuff or something sugary.Can't a party at
school be enough fun without having to bring something home?Can't soccer be fun
without the sugary drink and salty snack at the end? Health issues aside, the
other thing that bothers me is that so much of the things in our treat bags
don't get used.At least not by my kids.They just come into my home, clutter
things up a bit and ultimately end up in the landfill.And i know i'm not alone
in this.Having sorted through just a few toys in my days at my clients' homes as
well. I guess it all sounds a little cynical.I know it does.And luckily the
other side of me always chimes in and says"It's just for fun.Lighten up, aby!
"And that side ultimately wins out. (My kids wouldn't have it any other way. )
So when party day rolls around, i'm always on the lookout for something
inexpensive, usable and lasting.In other words, something that wont break the
first time it's used.I also like one or two big items that wont get lost as soon
as they're out of the bag, as opposed to a bunch of small stuff.For collin's
birthday party, each child got this: I used oversized lunch bags and scrapbook
supplies to make the tags.Each child got a curly straw(I haven't met a child yet
that doesn't go nuts over curly straws.What's that all about, anyway? )And
inside was a deck of jumbo playing cards, a small note book, a pen, and some
tootsie rolls.So for a minimal investment, we gave the kids some items that can
be used over again and aren't likely to break.In years past we've done little
stuffed animals(When did target stop carrying those cute little stuffed animals
i loved those for treat bags.Big yet inexpensive. )We've also given toy
footballs(From the dollar store again, big, usable and not likely to break too
quickly. ) How about you?How do you handle treat bags?Do you love them?Hate
them?Wonder why on earth i'm suggesting you give them a second thought?And most
of all.If you have any super great ideas for goodies.I'd love to hear it.In just
four weeks, my daughter has her party!Thanks! I do enjoy putting together
a"Creative"Goody bag.I seldom put candy in there except maybe a lollypop.I am
not a huge fan of the allcandy and teeny tiny toy filled goodybags. For my
son"Mystery"Party i put a mystery chapter book(From the book order at school), a
gigantic magnifying glass, a notebook, a pencil and a lollypop. My son went to a
party in january where they happened to ice skate but the"Goody bag"Was filled a
packet of hot choco, some marshmellows, and a candy covered spoon.I loved
that!It was used and"Done". Last year she had a tea party with her friends and
each person got a bag with a cute tea cup that g chose from the thrift store, 2
packets of hot cocoa, a snack size baggie of minimarshmallows, a choc covered
spoon that we made, and 2 mint hershey kisses to add to the cocoa.We also put in
a spiral bound notebook(The small 3x5 with the spiral at the top)That we altered
by covering with cardstock and put their name on with chipboard letters.It was
one of my favorite gift bags. This year the place we having her party at does
the gift bags as part of the party so i not involved with it at all.We are
having a"Family"Party for her(Only 8 friends can come to the princess party
place)So our extended family and faraway friends will come to the family party
and i will do gift bags for them.She will probably want to keep the princess
theme(Gotta love turning 6.So i not sure what i do for the gift bags.I was
thinking of baking something yummy and decadent something"Fit for a princess! "
I really do hate goodie bags for all the reasons you gave aby they just end up
on the floor, junking up the house, making a mess, and driving me nuts and i don
want to do that to another family. Goodie bags can be a challange.When my oldest
turned 12 i bought the large hershey bars 1 for ea.Kid and made a band for
ea.Bar in a fun print that said thanks for coming to my party.It was still candy
but it was simple.Simple to make, carry and give out not to mention cheap. I
always like the idea of the mini playdough cans w/an activity thing on the top.I
think we get caught up in thinking it got to be a lot of goodies in one bag.I
don think the kids really care.I never heard my kids say wow that was a lame
goodie bag. My girls like to do crafts at their party.So usually the craft is
the goodie to take home.We have made soap and the girls took them home in a
cello bag and picked out their own cute ribbon to tie the bag.My 11 year old
last year had 5 girls over and i had bought big canvases at walmart and put
their names big in black in the middle.I had paint and brushes set up for them
to decorate them.I had also pre drilled holes in each corner.The girls then
picked out ribbon to put through the drilled holes and that was how they would
hang them when they got home.It really is getting to be absurd.My dd just came
home with a full size teddy bear this past saturday, plus a bag full of pinata
candy and a glow in the dark necklace.To top that off the birthday child
was"Registered"At target baby!We all gone quite mad, i do believe.I am having a
party for my dd at the end of this month.Maybe i should put on the invitation:
"Goodybagless party".Hahafor my son last birthday party, i had the kids complete
a treasure hunt of sorts to get their goodie bag.His party was car, trucks and
planesthemed so each child got a card with a little poem about some sort of
vehicle.They really enjoyed"Earning"Them rather than just receiving them before
they went home. I have long disliked bags just another thing to stress over.One
year we had an zoo animal themed party so the only thing in the bag was
peanuts.For my girls party last year, we made tiaras and jewelry with
pipecleaners and pony beads and they took them home in a bag they decorated with
sequins and feathers.This summer my son went to a friend party.This friend is an
only child and his parents have tons o we, on the other hand, are a one income
family with 7 children. (My kids get invited to parties all the time and it
kills my budget. )So we just put some cash in a card and got him some candy and
figured he could combine what we gave him with what he already had and get what
he wanted.When i picked up my son, this friend mom told me to be sure to get the
gift card out of the goodie bag.In the car i pulled it out and it was worth $25
at target.How many times does a kid go to a party and come home with a gift
worth more than the one he took?I was a bit disturbed by it.I felt bad that we
couldn afford to do more.I know that she wasn trying to make us feel bad, just
being kind but it was a bit uncomfortable for me.What do you think of this? Let
see.I did a pirate theme party for my son when he was six.It was so much fun to
do something christian
louboutin evenings a little out of the ordinary that wasn
an"Outofthebox"Birthday party.I found a great book in the children section at
the library on pirates(The name escapes me now).It was a fun humorous book that
talked about the history of pirates as well as described what a pirate wears.It
also had a chart for picking your own pirate name. My invitations included a
condensed outline christian louboutin france of this and
instructions on what to wear to the party(A striped shirt and shaggy old
pants).It also asked the kids to come with their pirate name.Also in the
invitation were homemade eyepatches. A goody bag was made from black cloth with
a draw string.I painted a skull crossbones on each one.They included"Pieces of
eight" (Chocolate gold coins), a note book with a pirate theme, a pirate pencil,
and some tacky play jewelry for loot. For games the kids could win prizes from a
costume shop like a sword, a hook hand, and a pirate hat. It was a blast.Best
party ever. I with you on the goodie bags.I stopped doing them all together.They
just seem wrong and as you say, a waste usually.My son is 12 and he has had
sleep over parties the boys don seem to miss the bags at the end of those(Too
tired? ! )I think the goodie bag thing has gotten way out of control, and each
time i tell a mom i not doing it they rethink it.Some have also decided not to
if you can influence the circle of friends it becomes more acceptable. Hey, how
your running?Take care, lbtinpaserfemme vickie l. I posted earlier
about the pirate theme party i did, but i just remembered a sleepover party i
did for my daughter.I think she was about 11 or 12.Rather than goody bags i
bought large tshirts for each of the girls.I created a design on the computer
for her party, then we ironed the design on all the tshirts.The idea was to have
them as a large pajama shirt for the girls.I also bought each of the girls a
white pillow case that they each decorated with paint and markers.Both things
were a nice reminder of the sleepover party. (She is 17 now, and still has both
of them. )I suppose we could have expanded on the idea even more with some funky
socks or fuzzy slippers.
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national institutes of health estimates that some two million americans suffer
from visitthisuser'swebsite this
disorder, which is of unknown origin, but likely caused by a combination of
genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Medical researchers have made
considerable efforts to establish a genetic linkage between crohn's disease and
the nod2 protein associated with programmed cell death and activation of nf b, a
transcription factor involved in the production of cytokines and chemokines
necessary for inflammation. Regulation of nf b function has been documented by
several agents used in the management of ibd, such as corticosteroids,
sulfasalazine, and 5aminosalicylates(5ASA).Furthermore, antisense
oligonucleotides directed against the p65 subunit(A polypeptide contributing to
the activation of nf b)Have been shown to diminish disease activity in an animal
model of colitis.Recent work has shown that dietary constituents such as
curcumin may also potently inhibit nf b and diminish attenuate proinflammatory
molecule expression.Curcumin is a component of the spice turmeric(Curcuma
longa)Used in curries and mustard, whose antiinflammatory properties have been
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colonic cancer in animal models has also been established. Management of ibd
involves the use of 5asa and immunosuppressives such as corticosteroids and
6mercaptopurine as well as its precursor azathioprine.Novel agents such as
monoclonal antibodies against tnf have been developed and demonstrate clinical
efficacy.However, these agents are expensive and not without side
effects.Consequently, there is a need for alternative agents that may be equally
or more effective as well as being cheaper.Both curcumin and sulfasalazine
target ikk molecules;The importance of inhibition of i?B kinase complex by
curcumin has never been tested in ibd.Here researchers show that this compound
has beneficial effects in a rat model of ibd, opening the door to possible
future human studies. A new study http://www.teamskyuser.co.uk/ The
new study now provides the first evaluation of curcumin and its effects on nf b
in an experimental model of ibd.Salh, k.Assi, k.Parhar, d.Owen, and a.Gmezmuoz,
at the jack bell research centre at the vancouver general hospital, and
v.Templeman and k.Jacobson of the department of pediatric gastroenterology,
children and women's hospital, all in vancouver, british columbia, canada.Their
findings appear in the july 2003 edition of the american journal of
physiologygastrointestinal and liver physiology.Sevenweekold c3h mice had
inflammation induced with instillation of 100 l of dnb(60 mg/ml)In 50% ethanol
with control animals receiving 100 l of 50% ethanol alone.After this, they were
kept in position for 30 seconds before being returned to their cages.On day 5,
postinduction was conducted for evaluation of the colitis.Test groups of five
mice had curcumin added to their diet at a concentration of 0.25% beginning five
days before the DNB instillation. Several parameters were determined in the
inflamed mucosa.Animals were weighed daily after induction of colitis and the
data shown are representative of all experiments.There was a clear reduction in
the amount of weight loss in the animals pretreated with curcumin. Curcumin
improves intestinal cell function in dnbinduced colitis.After treatment of
animals, colons were harvested and histological evaluation was carried out after
staining with hematoxylin and eosin.There was mucosal ulceration, thickening of
the wall, and significant infiltration with inflammatory cells in the dnbtreated
animals that is reduced in those animals pretreated with curcumin. When animals
were pretreated with curcumin, there was a clear reduction in dna binding, thus
verifying that curcumin does indeed inhibit nf b activation in the colon in
vivo.These findings indicate for the first time that curcumin is able to impact
on an important transcriptional mechanism in the gastrointestinal tract.In
addition to the demonstration that it is able to diminish inflammatory activity
in ibd, the canadian team demonstrated it can reduce nf b dna binding activity
as well as inhibiting the activation of p38 mapk antibodies and that the
antiinflammatory effects of curcumin involve a reduction in myeloperoxidase
activity, a reduction in the number of infiltrating neutrophils, as well as a
reduced expression of the message for il1. Precisely how curcumin achieves its
effects is not clear.It has been shown to possess free radical
scavenging(Antioxidant)Properties in addition to its known effects on the
activation of nf b.Its in vivo effects may well rely on a complementation of
these two and other activities. Although curcumin has been shown to be safe up
to levels as high as 10 percent(100, 000 ppm), the researchers showed
effectiveness at a concentration as low as 0.25 percent.This dose was well
tolerated with no reduction in dietary intake.Further work will help to clarify
the optimal dose for this and other models of ibd. This research proves that
curcumin may prove to be a cheap, welltolerated, and effective therapy for
inflammatory bowel disease.This food ingredient has for generations been
regarded as a potent antiinflammatory within many eastern civilizations.It is
equally intriguing that the same agent is a potent antineoplastic agent.It may
hold promise for the treatment of ibd in humans. Source:July 2003 edition of the
american journal of physiologygastrointestinal and liver physiology. The
american physiological society(Aps)Was founded in 1887 to foster basic and
applied science, much of it relating to human health.The bethesda, mdbased
society has more than 10, 000 members and publishes 3, 800 articles in its 14
peerreviewed journals every year.
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County trashes garbage bags with mlk's face Martin luther king jr.'s profile is
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from use earlier this summer, even though no one from the public had
complained.The preemptive move opened a window into the delicate decisions
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2006 and unveiled it the next year.It features a striking profile of king in a
black and white silhouette.Vice president william rufus devane king, a slave
owner. The possibility of plastering king's face on mundane county items like
trash bins or prisoner uniforms raised eyebrows among county officials when the
proposal was approved.The old logo was a generic crown. The decision of where
the new logo goes lies with duncan and king county executive ron sims, who is
black.As the head of communications, duncan is in charge of the messages
symbolic or not king county sends. Her challenge:To maintain the county brand,
without splashing king's face on something that's demeaning to king's history.
"Some of the things that people were concerned about were if the logo was on the
floor, if the logo was on garbage cans or dumpsters,"Duncan said. "It seemed
unseemly to have an icon like dr.King, to have his image on something like a
waste bin at a park. " Duncan said that the old crown logo was not used on trash
bins or prison uniforms, but communication directors in county departments were
directed to look carefully at where the logo is used. Some county officials and
africanamerican leaders in seattle have no qualms about using the image of king.
"Personally, we should use the logo wherever we traditionally printed that
logo,"Said larry gossett, the county council member who led the name and logo
change.Gossett said the symbol can be used"To do better. " Gossett, a longtime
leader in the africanamerican community here, knew from the beginning there
would be challenges.His own son told him that he didn't want to see king's face
on a police car. Tye heckler of heckler associates a design and advertising firm
that helped developed the starbucks brand said once the county approved the
ristianlbtinsoldes logo, it accepted all
the risks of using king's face, including the possibility that the logo may be
defaced someday.But as a government, heckler said, they have the freedom not to
use the logo. Steve kline, a spokesman at the king center in atlanta, said there
are no set guidelines when it comes to the use of king's image, but there have
been examples of inappropriate use. "Many years ago, some guy tried to make a
knife with mr.King on it,"Kline said. "Stuff like that is always a concern.They
take it of a casebycase basis.They do try to monitor the commercial use of it. "
While kline said that king county is believed to be the first government to take
king's likeness as a logo, scores of local governments have named streets, parks
and even pool centers after the civil rights leader.But many of those moves have
carried a stigma:Many martin luther king jr.Streets, avenues, ways and
boulevards are in lowincome, crimeridden areas. "You can use it to inspire and
move for reforms(King)Could have been be very proud of,"He said.
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2014年3月23日星期日
Inflammation has been implicated in the beats by dre outlet
An herbal extract inhibits the development of pancreatic cancer (Philadelphia)An
herb recently found to kill pancreatic cancer cells also appears to inhibit
development of pancreatic cancer as a result of its antiinflammatory properties,
according to researchers from the kimmel cancer center at jefferson.The data
were presented at the aacr 100th annual meeting 2009 in denver. beats by dre
sale online Nigella sativa seeds and oil are used in traditional
medicine by many middle eastern and asian countries.It helps treat a broad array
of diseases, including some immune and inflammatory disorders, dr.Arafat
said.Thymoquinone almost completely abolished the expression of several
inflammatory cytokines, including tnfalpha, interleukin1beta, interleukin8, cox2
and mcp1, an effect that was more superior to the effect of trichostatin a. The
herb also inhibited the activation and synthesis of nfkappab, a transcription
factor that has been implicated in inflammationassociated cancer.Activation of
nfkappab has been observed in pancreatic cancer and may be a factor in
pancreatic cancer's resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.When animal models of
pancreatic cancer were treated with thymoquinone, 67 percent of the tumors were
significantly shrunken, and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the
tumors were significantly reduced. Inflammation has been implicated in the beats by dre
outlet development of several solid tumor malignancies.Chronic
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developing pancreatic cancer. "These are very exciting and novel
results,"Dr.Arafat said. "Not only patients with chronic pancreatitis could
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recurrence of pancreatic cancer, such as highrisk family members and
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potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer.More
importantly, the herb and oil are safe when used btsbydreuale moderately, and have
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louboutin pas cher the banned plastic items
Corporation plans to abolish plastic bags The madurai corporation is planning a
complete ban on plastic cups and carry bags in the city.This issue is likely to
be taken up for discussion at the council meeting to be held on friday. Based on
a report prepared by an expert team, the corporation is mulling the ban, and a
final decision will be taken based on the response from the councillors.
Official sources told the hindu on thursday that the civic body aim was to make
madurai totally free of plastic cups and bags, irrespective of their thickness.
There is a ban on the manufacture and use of plastic bags which have a thickness
below 40 microns.But, the madurai corporation may try to impose a total ban on
the use of plastic carry bags and plastic cups irrespective of their thickness,
sources said. The move to ban them was initiated because they were found to be a
major cause for blockages along drainage lines and water channels. Plastic cups
and carry bags get dumped everywhere, the drainage system is getting affected.It
is leading to mosquito breeding and also the soil loses fertility, according to
an official. The corporation will initiate steps in such a way that paper cups
and paper bags will gradually replace the ones made of plastic in the interest
of the people. As and when the guidelines are ready and if it gets approval from
all the stakeholders, special inspection teams would be deputed to conduct raids
on shops and business establishments and seize louboutin pas cher the banned plastic
items, if any. Meanwhile, in another major step, the corporation schools in
madurai have gone solar to meet their power requirements. With the one kilowatt
solar power generated, the corporation schools will be able to use lights and
home fans in a few
classrooms. The mayor and commissioner have announced that other corporation
schools will also be provided with solar power units when schools reopen after
vacation.
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2014年3月19日星期三
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Amgen announces positive study results of kineretr in btsbydrdreoutletuk rheumatoid
arthritis disease progression and in the treatment of juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis Late breaking poster and press conference featuring new kineret
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progressive autoimmune disease causing connectivetissue inflammation, mostly in
synovial joints.It can occur at any age, is more common in women, and has an
unpredictable course. (Ra).Data from a study evaluating the ability of
KineRet(R) (Anakinra)To inhibit bone and joint damage in adult ra Patients will
be presented at a latebreaking poster session.In Addition, interim results from
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arthritis juvenile rheumatoid arthritis N.Abbr.Jra Chronic inflammatory
arthritis that begins in childhood, characterized by swelling, tenderness, and
pain in one or more joints and by lymph node and splenic enlargement. (Jra
jrajuvenile rheumatoid arthritis)Will be Featured tomorrow at a press conference
at the 66th american college of Rheumatology annual in new orleans. "The results
seen with kineret are exciting because they Signal that we may have another
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2014年3月17日星期一
during the beats by dre uk wireless summer season
Alyeska resort to install new chair 6 drdrebtshdphones high Construction
and installation of the chairlift by doppelmayr usa inc.Is expected to occur
from may 6 through october 31, 2013 at an estimated cost of $6 beats by dre
outlet uk million. Servicing high volumes of skiers and riders, the
currently existing chair 6 provides primary lift access to the upper mountain
trails at alyeska resort and is considered by many to be the heart and soul of
alyeska ski resort.Popular skiing and snowboarding runs accessed by chair 6
include christmas chute and the north face, silvertip, trapline, mighty mite and
high traverse.The existing chairlift was originally installed in 1988. Am very
excited for this new addition, said di hiibner, ski area general manager.Are
committed to ensuring we have a reliable chairlift for our guests.With this new
lift, alyeska resort will have invested over $14 million dollars in ski area
improvements over the last two years.We are committed to continued improvement
of the ski area for the enjoyment of our guests.Skiers and riders at alyeska
will notice that the new chair 6 will be substantially identical to ted express,
the highspeed quad installed last summer to replace the old chair 4.The project
also includes installing a new weather station at the top, upgrading utilities
and installing natural gas.The installation is scheduled to take five months.
Due to the installation of a new chair 6, there will be no may skiing this
year.During the summer season certain areas of the mountain will be closed
intermittently to hiking, biking and other traffic during the beats by dre uk
wireless summer season.Closures will change on a daily basis and the
resort will strive to have as much terrain open as often as possible.The resort
will update its skisnow hotline(9077547669)And its website summer trails report
on a regular basis and urges guests to check for construction updates before
heading up the mountain to go hiking or biking. Repairs of the damaged tram
cabin, made by cwa constructions of switzerland, are nearly complete.Tram
operations will cease on or about april 23, 2013, in order to affect final
repairs.The tram is currently scheduled to reopen with two fully operational
cabins on or about may 23, 2013.
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Common causes and Click to enter website what to do When you
look in the mirror and notice dark bags under eyes on your face then you would
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for the two conditions that together cause dark bags under eyes.These are
different conditions but often occur at the same time.If your parents had this
skin condition then you most likely will too as genetics play a major part in
how your skin ages.Skin as it gets older is less supple and is also thinner.
Some individuals are genetically predisposed to have a skin texture that is
thinner than the norm around the eyes and can have the numerous veins which lie
underneath the skin in this area showing through, making the skin to look
darker.Interrupted sleep cycles are another common cause of dark bags under
eyes.This can occur due to lack of sleep or insomnia and also because of
excessive sleeping.Emotional stress or anxiety can lead to insomnia and dark
bags under eyes so if this is the problem, relaxation methods must be
tried.Occasionally, some internal health problem such as kidney and thyroid
diseases could also cause dark bags under eyes. Menstrual cycles and pregnancy
can cause hormonal variations that make skin paler and dark veins
prominent.Improper nutrition can deprive your body of the nutrients, minerals
and vitamins that it needs to maintain skin healthy.Some types of medications
may cause the the dilation of the blood vessels underneath the skin christian
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because the skin layer in this area is very sensitive to changes in blood
circulation.Contact with ultra violet rays from the sun can produce the chemical
substance melanin which that causes pigmentation changes which could cause those
dark bags under eyes. If you have allergies to things like pets, foods or
environmental components then your eyes could become irritated and itchy and
this could cause dark bags under eyes.If ever the allergic reactions are of the
hay fever type from air pollution, airborne dirt and dust or pollen in the air,
discoloring and swelling of the sensitive skin around your eyes can happen.One
good way to make sure that dark bags under eyes go away is to make sure that you
get a full night of restful sleep each day.Wearing a high protection factor
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of whole grain products, fresh vegetables christian
louboutin paris soldes and fish.A lot of water should be drunk daily to
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vitamins, minerals and other essential nutrients will help to remove dark bags
under eyes.Placing a cold compress over the eye area will have the immediate but
shortterm effect of reducing the eye bags.A traditional cure is to apply chilled
slices of cucumber on the eyes.
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13.52 seconds. Provisions of your competitors, each contestant shall not wear
leather shoes, heel height less than 9 cm, 10 cm high heels and a few players,
iaelorssuheonlineshop some 12 cm higher,
and a few even up to 16 cm.Distance of 80 meters from red square, the starting
point to the opposite finish in the moscow state university, bonus of 10 million
rubles, a total of 70 girls in moscow to take part in quite a few groups in
turn. 1 contestant mentioned: "I wear christian louboutin higher heels for
practically ten years old, is now wearing high heels shoes just isn't as
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2014年3月13日星期四
Localization of tnf beats by dre sale online activity
Alpha induces tumor necrosis and tumor cheap beats by dre solo regression
without systemic toxicity Tumortargeted gene delivery of tumor necrosis factor
induces tumor necrosis and tumor regression without systemic toxicity Ralf
kircheis1, elinborg ostermann1, markus f wolschek2, 3, cornelia lichtenberger3,
christine maginlachmann1, lionel wightman1, malgorzata kursa1 and ernst
wagner1received 14 may 2002. Top of pageabstractwe have recently developed
surfaceshielded transferrin(Tf delivery systems that target reporter gene
expression to distant tumors after systemic application.In the present study, we
used surfaceshielded tf complexes for delivering the gene for a highly potent
cytokine, tumor necrosis factor(Tnf tnf is known for its ability to induce
hemorrhagic tumor necrosis and tumor regression.However, the therapeutic
application of tnf is hampered by its high systemic toxicity dictating the need
to target tnf activity to the tumor.Systemic application of surfaceshielded tf
complexes with the tnf gene resulted in preferential expression of tnf in the
tumor without detectable tnf serum levels, in contrast to the application of
nontargeted complexes.Tumortargeted tnf gene delivery induced pronounced
hemorrhagic tumor necrosis and inhibition of tumor growth in three murine tumor
models of different tissue origins, neuro2a neuroblastoma, metha fibrosarcoma,
and m3 melanoma, with complete tumor regressions observed in the metha model.No
systemic tnfrelated toxicity was observed due to the localization of the tnf
activity to the tumor.Targeted gene therapy may be an attractive strategy
applicable to highly active, yet toxic, molecules such as tnf Keywords:Tumor
necrosis factor;Tnf gene therapy;Tumor targeting;Polyethylenimine;Pei;Nonviral
gene transfer;Transferrin The potential of gene therapy to target the expression
of therapeutic genes to the desired target cells makes it particularly
attractive for cancer treatment.However, although there are vectors available
with high transfection efficacy in cell culture, 1, 2, 3, 4 efficient and
targetspecific gene delivery in vivo is still the major challenge in gene
therapy.In vivo gene delivery has to overcome additional obstacles such as
anatomical size constraints and nonspecific interactions with biological fluids
and nontarget cells.Recently, we have developed surfaceshielded transferrin(Tf
gene delivery systems that are able to target reporter gene expression to
distant tumors after systemic application in murine models.5, 6, 7 In the
present study, we have employed these gene delivery systems to target gene
expression of a highly potent, yet highly toxic, molecule tumor necrosis
factor(Tnf to distant tumors with the aim to separate the antitumor activity of
tnf from its systemic toxicity. In the present study, surfaceshielded tf gene
delivery systems were used for the first time to target gene expression of a
highly potent effector molecule to distant tumors following systemic
application.Tnf expression localized to the tumor resulted in hemorrhagic tumor
necrosis and inhibition of tumor growth without systemic tnfrelated toxicity.
Top of pagematerials and methodschemicals and expression vectorspei, branched,
25 kda, and linear pei, 22 kda, were obtained from aldrich(Milwaukee, wi)And mbi
fermentas(St.Leonrot, germany), respectively.Tf(25kDa)Synthesis has been
described previously.7 The plasmids pcmvl, pcmv and pgsmutnf coding for
luciferase,(And murine tnf respectively, and the nonexpressing plasmid psp65
were purified by elim biopharmaceuticals(San francisco, ca).Endotoxin levels
were u/50 dna as determined by limulus amebocyte lysate assay(Biowhittaker,
walkersville, md). Cells and animalsmurine neuro2a neuroblastoma cells were
cultured in rpmi 1640 medium/10% fcs.Murine m3 melanoma cells were cultured in
ham's f10 chpdrdrebts medium/15% horse
serum/5% fcs.Murine metha fibrosarcoma cells(Kindly provided by dr fichtner,
maxdelbr center, berlinbuch, germany)Were passaged in vivo as intraperitoneal
ascites in syngeneic balb/c mice.A/j, dba/2, and balb/c mice(7 weeks,
female)Were purchased from harlan(Bicester, uk). Preparation of transfection
complexespei/dna complexes were prepared as described.7 Plasmid DNA(200 was
flashmixed with PEI(22 kDa)Atn/p(N/p ratio of pei nitrogen to dna phosphate)In
20 mm hepes(Ph for isoosmolarity, glucose was added to a final concentration of
5%(Wt/vol).The potential of transfection complexes was measured using a malvern
zetasizer 3000 as described previously.6 Tf complexes were prepared as described
previously7 by flash mixing of dna(200 withthe polycation solution(Containing
three parts pei and one part tf at n/p complexes were prepared in 20 mm hepes(Ph
glucose or 0.5 HBS(75 mM NaCl, 20 mM HEPES, pH glucose. Determination of
luciferase reporter gene expression after systemic applicationa/j mice were
injected subcutaneously with 1 neuro2a cells.After 2 weeks, tumors had reached
10 in size;Transfection complexes(250 with the pCMVL plasmid were injected into
the tail vein.Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at indicated time
points.Organs were resected, homogenized in250 mm tris buffer, ph 7.5, using an
IKA Homogenizer, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at Luciferase activity in
the tissue lysate was measured using a Lumat LB9507 instrument(Berthold, bad
wildbad, germany)As described previously.5 Luciferase background(100 RLU)Was
substracted from each value and transfection efficacy is expressed as
rlu(Relative light units)Per organ.One million rlu correspond to 2 ng of
luciferase. Therapeutic modelsa/j mice were injected subcutaneously with 1
syngeneic neuro2a tumor cells, dba/2 mice were injected with 1 m3 cells, and
balb/c mice were injected with 2 metha cells.Starting at indicated time points
after tumor setting(Tumor diameter, 5 mm), transfection complexes containing the
plasmid for murine TNF for a control plasmid for or the nonexpressing pSP65
plasmid were injected into the tail vein.Tumor size and body weight of the
animals were monitored.Differences in Tumor growth were statistically analyzed
using oneway anova(Tumor growth)And contingency tables(Tumor necrosis, complete
tumor regression)Analyzed by chisquare test and fisher's exact test, using
graphpad prism software. Histologyfor immunohistologicAl stAining,Cryosections(7
on microslides were fixed inCold Acetone.Endogenous peroxidAse wAs quenched By
incuBAting the slides in hydrogen peroxide(SigmA, st.Louis, mo;0.03% in PBS),
slides were Blocked with 1% BSA for 15 minutes, with 10% goAt serum for 15
minutes, And suBsequently with DAKO Biotin Blocking
System(DAko,CArpinterA,CA).Following incuBAtion with either rAt Anti mAcrophAge
f4/80 mAB(CloneCl:A31, 10 serotec, oxford, uk)Or rAt AntiCd11B mAB(Clone m1/70,
6.25 PhArmingen, SAn Diego,CA), detection wAs performed with
diAminoBenzidine(DAB)Using A Anti igg hrp detection kit(PhArmingen)According to
the mAnufActurer's instructions.HemAtoxylin(Merck, ViennA, AustriA)StAining wAs
done using A stAndArd procedure.Slides were mounted with entellAn new
medium(Merck)And evAluAted under An olympus(ViennA, AustriA)Bh2 microscope
equipped with An olympus dp12CAmerA.An unspecific expression profile with high
luciferAse expression in the lungs And other mAjor orgAns wAs oBserved with
pei22/dnAComplexes(Fig 1A).InContrAst, surfAceshielded tfComplexes resulted in
specific expression in the tumor, whereAs expression in the lungs And other
orgAns wAs drAmAticAlly reduced(Fig 1B).The kinetics of luciferAse reporter gene
expression wAs meAsured following single orRepeAted ApplicAtionof
surfAceshielded tfComplexes in the tAil vein of tumorBeAring mice.Gene
expression wAs trAnsient, with the single ApplicAtion showing A peAk At 48
hours, thereAfter decreAsing to very low expression levels At dAy 4, And
noLuciferase activitywAs detectABle At dAy 7.RepeAted ApplicAtion(dAys0 And
1)Resulted in higher expression levels At All time points, And
significAntLuciferase activitywAs still detectABle in the tumor 1 week After
ApplicAtion(Fig 1c).NontArgeted pei22/dnA(A)Or targeted tfComplexes(B)Containing
the pcmvl plasmid were injected into the tail vein of neuro2a tumorbearing
mice.Luciferase activity(Rlu/organ;Mean was measured 24 hours after injection.C:
Kinetics of gene expression After systemic ApplicAtion of tArgeted TfComplexes.
TrAnsfectionComplexesContAining 50 of DNA were injected once (dAy0)Or
twice(dAys0 And 1).Luciferase reporter gene expression was measured at indicated
time points.Animal number was n per time point. Full figure and legend(328K)
Localization of tnf beats by dre
sale online activity to the tumorthe aim of this study was to target
gene expression of the highly potent cytokine tnf to the tumor in order to
reduce the systemic toxicity observed with systemic application of tnf using
nontargeted pei22/dna[tnf complexes resulted in an unspecific gene expression
pattern with highest tnf expression detected in the lungs, followed by the
liver, heart, and tumor.Moreover, application of pei22/dna[tnf complexes was
associated with significant tnf serum levels(Fig 2a).In control animals
receiving similar pei22/dna complexes with the reporter gene instead of the tnf
gene, no significant tnf levels were found(Data not shown).Lower tnf levels were
found in liver and spleen.Importantly, no significant tnf levels were observed
in the serum(Fig 2b).In comparison, tnf expression after application of
nonshielded pei22/dna[tnf complexes was even shorter with peak levels in the
lungs and serum 24hours after application, followed by a rapid decrease(Fig 2a,
insert).A/j mice bearing a subcutaneously growing neuro2a tumor were injected
with nontargeted(A, c, e)Or targeted(B, d, f)Transfection complexes containing a
plasmid for mutnf or the nonexpressing plasmid psp65(C expression of murine
tnf(Pg/organ)In the major organs and tumor, and tnf serum levels(Pg/ml)24 hours
after single application were measured by ELISA(A, b, inserts:48 hours after
single application).Body weight(C, d)And tumor size(E, f)Of animals(Eight per
group)Treated with repeated application(Arrow heads)Of transfection complexes
were monitored.Untreated animals are shown for control.Complexes were applied
repeatedly at indicated time points into the tail vein.Control animals were left
untreated or injected with complexes having the empty plasmid vector psp65.Body
weightof the animals, as an indicator of TNF toxicity, was monitored during
treatment (Fig 2, c and d). A significant drop inBody weightof 10% was found
with nonshielded PEI/DNA[TNF complexes after the first two applications (P tnf
versus control) (Fig 2c).There was no further weight loss after the following
applications;However, in one out of two experiments, nonshielded pei/dna [tnf
complexes resulted in the death of 2/8 animals.Nontargeted pei/dna[tnf complexes
also inhibited tumor growth(P tnf versus untreated control) (Fig 2e), however,
to a lesser extent compared to the targeted complexes(P targeted tnf versus
nontargeted tnf complexes with the psp65 control plasmid did not significantly
inhibit tumor growth;Similar results were observed with additional control
complexes with the reporter gene(Data not shown). The most striking effect of
the tnf gene therApy wAs theInduction of hemorrhagic tumor necrosis(Fig 3, A And
B).More thAn 80% of the tnf AnimAlsDeveloped hemorrhAgic tumor necroses, whereAs
hemorrhAgic tumor necrosis wAs virtuAlly not found inControl AnimAls(P tnf
versusControl)And only rArely found in psp65 or AnimAls(P tnf versus or psp65)
(Fig 3c).Necrosis wAs most pronounced in theCenter of the tumor.However, there
wAs only in very fewCAses AComplete erAdicAtion of the tumor in this
model.AfterCessAtion of treAtment, tumorCells locAted outside of the necrotic
AreAs stArted to regrow.The therApeutic efficAcy of tArgeted tnf
geneDeliveryCorrelAted with the numBer of ApplicAtions.Preexperiments on A smAll
numBer of AnimAls with single ApplicAtion showed only moderAte therApeutic
effect And high vAriABility Among the AnimAls not Allowing
significAntConclusions(DAtA not shown).ToCompAre the therApeutic efficAcy
ofDifferent treAtment regimes, the t/c rAtio(Tumor growth in treAted
groupCompAred toControl group)WAs meAsured AfterDifferent numBers of
ApplicAtions.A rAtio of t/c is generAllyConsidered indicAtive for A significAnt
therApeutic effect.Four ApplicAtions of tnf gene therApy showed A significAnt
therApeutic effect with A rAtio of t/c however, there wAs A vAriABility in the
treAtment group.Six or eight ApplicAtions of tArgeted tnf gene trAnsferComplexes
resulted in A t/c rAtio of 25% or 13%, respectively, indicAting higher efficAcy
with higher numBer of ApplicAtions.Furthermore, increAsing the numBer of
ApplicAtion Also minimized the vAriABility Among the AnimAls in the treAtment
groups(Fig 3d).Further experimentsDemonstrAted thAt hemorrhAgic tumor necrosis
And inhiBition of tumor growth were induced only By trAnsfectionComplexesCoding
for tnf whereAsCytokines with A more indirect immunemediAted mechAnism of
Action, such As interleukin2 or interferonDid not show significAnt efficAcy in
this Aggressive tumor model(DAtA not shown).Neuro2A tumorBeAring A/j mice were
injected with tArgeted trAnsfectionComplexesContAining expression plAsmids
for(A)Mutnf or(B)C:Summary table.Induction of hemorrhagic tumor necrosis.Results
of three independent experiments are shown. TNF versus pSP65, AndControl.D:
TherApeutic efficAcy of TNF gene therApy AfterDifferent treAtment regimes (Four,
six, or eight applications)Was estimated by the t/c ratio(tumor growth group
versusControl group) AtDAy 21.
we can't christian louboutin homme write laws around
Colorado pot accidents spur call for childproof packaging Robin hackett, owner
of botana care in northglenn, colo., putting medical marijuana suckers into a
sample zipperlock baggie. (Joe amon/the denver post) From early 2005 to late
2009, children's hospital colorado had exactly zero emergencyroom visits by kids
who had ingested marijuana.In the following two years, when medical marijuana
became legal in colorado and federal officials backed off prosecution, it had
14. Pioneering studies of emergency room charts by colorado doctors show looser
pot laws leading to childhood poisonings, often ristianlbtinaussuressoldes from mistakenly
eating tantalizing"Edibles' like gummy worms or brownies. Those doctors are now
helping lead the charge for mandatory safety packaging as colorado gears up for
even broader legal sales of pot with recreationalmarijuana stores. "We've seen a
dramatic increase in pediatric exposure, ' said dr.George wang, a children's er
doctor who also works with denver health's rocky mountain poison and drug
center. Calls about potential marijuana exposure at all ages have doubled since
2009 at the poison center. Safety packaging, as in other medicines,"Is a
supplement to careful parenting that has been shown to work,' said wang's
colleague, dr.Michael kosnett. "There are solutions available right now.' And
the marijuana christian
louboutin platforms sale industry agrees, up to a point. Many industry
members favor sending goods out the store door under tamperproof seal.But they
would rather not break each individual joint or candy into a hightech, lockable
bag whose cost up to $7, even in bulk might approach the price of the brownie
inside. Have to buy so much tamperproof packaging that people will just make it
themselves at home,' said robin hackett, coowner of botana care, a
medicalmarijuana store in northglenn. "The challenge is with a pound of butter
and some cannabis, anybody can make edibles.' Hackett and other members of the
medical marijuana industry group say lockboxes and larger locking bags that
buyers can use to transport larger purchases home should solve most of the
safety problems. Breaking everything down into smaller tamperproof bags is a
landfill problem and unnecessary expense, hackett said.Botana care counsels
patients with children about safety, and keeps track of who has kids as a
reminder. "Unfortunately, we can't christian louboutin homme write laws
around dumb, ''"She said. None of the accidentally poisoned children has died,
wang and kosnett said. There are serious medical consequences for small
children, though, even while marijuana advocates say an adult"Overdose' of pot
is nearly impossible. Prescribed dosages of thc, the active ingredient in
marijuana products used to control nausea from chemotherapy, is between 4 and 12
milligrams for children ages 2 to 4, based on body surface area.Some"Edibles'
have 300 milligrams of thc, kosnett said. The researchers say individual safety
packs would be best, but the current recommendation of all items leaving the
store in one secure package is"Better than nothing. " Because there is no clear
reporting category for marijuana poisonings, doctors have to cull through files
to count cases.Presbyterian/st.Luke's, which operates rocky mountain hospital
for children, said it does not track similar cases. The cases studied at
children's included decreased levels of consciousness and breathing
trouble.Children can also vomit from ingesting too much of a strong substance
and aspirate the vomit. The median age in the 14 patients was 3 years, and the
range was 8 months to 12 years, according to an abstract of the research
published in the journal clinical toxicology. Childingested pot is also
dangerous because er doctors aren't looking for it as a cause of any symptoms
they see, wang said.That can lead to invasive and expensive diagnostic efforts,
such as a spinal tap or ct scan, if parents are embarrassed or scared to mention
the true cause. "When children get admitted to the icu, that's serious, '
kosnett said.Symptoms may appear similar to meningitis, for example. Safety
packaging and parental prevention should be noncontroversial, said dr.Robert
brockmann, president of the colorado academy of family physicians, especially as
newly legal recreational use will greatly expand the supply. "None of that
information is being disseminated when it's dispensed,' brockmann said. "It's
like liquor or prescription medications, or anything else you don't want your
kids to get into.' Such measures have cut pediatric poisonings in various
categories by 40 to 90 percent over the decades, he said.
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2014年3月11日星期二
the benefit of beats by dre uk price increases
Clorox reports solid sales and margin growth in first quarter Net cash provided
by operations increased to $208 million from $131 million in the yearago
quarter.The yearoveryear increase was due primarily to favorable changes in
working capital.For the full fiscal year, clorox anticipates free cash flow of
about 9 percent to 10 percent of sales.The company defines free cash flow as
cash provided by operations less capital expenditures.In september, the company
issued $600 million of 10year senior notes, temporarily increasing its cash
balance prior to the midoctober repayment of other maturing longterm debt of
$350 million.The company's cash balance is expected to return to a more
normalized level by dec.31. 11% pretax earnings increase Volume growth in the
segment was driven primarily by high doubledigit growth in the professional
products business, due to the benefit of acquisitions made in fiscal 2012 and a
doubledigit increase in the base business.Shipments in the home care business
were about equal to the year ago quarter, with alltime record shipments of
clorox disinfecting wipes, offset by declines on pinesol products due to a price
increase in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.Home care sales increased due to
the benefit of beats by dre uk price
increases.Laundry volume decreased due to lower shipments of clorox 2 stain
fighter and color booster, partially offset by the highest volume growth of
bleach in more than two years.Segment sales outpaced volume largely due to the
benefit of price increases.Pretax earnings growth was driven primarily by higher
sales and the benefit of strong cost savings, partially offset by unfavorable
product mix. 19% beats by dre
sale online pretax earnings increase The segment's volume and sales
decreases were driven primarily by declines in the charcoal business, reflecting
the impact of price increases earlier in the calendar year and the comparison to
very strong merchandising and volume growth in the yearago quarter.Cat litter
volume declined due to price increases implemented in the fourth quarter of
fiscal 2012 and increased competitive activity.Glad volume was up, with
continued strong gains in premium trash bag products such as glad odorshield
trash bags with febreze.The variance between the changes in segment volume and
sales was primarily due to the benefit of price increases.Pretax earnings growth
was driven largely by strong cost savings, partially offset by lower sales. 2%
pretax earnings increase drdrebtshdphones Volume was up in
the food business driven primarily by higher shipments of hidden valley
products, offset by lower shipments of kc masterpiece products due to strong
competitive activity.Volume declined in the water filtration business due to
lower shipments of faucet mount products, as well as lower brita bottle
shipments, compared to strong volume behind the new product launch in the
prioryear quarter.Burt's bees shipments declined slightly, following strong
growth in the yearago period, behind a robust pipeline of new products.Burt's
bees delivered doubledigit retail sales growth.Segment sales grew primarily due
to the benefit of price increases.Pretax earnings growth reflected the benefit
of cost savings. 30% pretax earnings decrease Volume declined in the segment
largely due to the exit of nonstrategic export businesses.Base business in latin
america grew both volume and sales, while canada volume and sales declined
slightly.Segment sales increased primarily due to price increases, partially
offset by unfavorable foreign exchange.The pretax earnings decline of $12
million was due to the inflationary impact on manufacturing and logistics costs,
unfavorable foreign exchange and expenses associated with it systems
implementation in latin america.Clorox markets some of the most trusted and
recognized brand names, including its namesake bleach and cleaning products,
clorox healthcare", HealthLink, Aplicare and Dispatch products, Green Works
naturally derived home care products, PineSol cleaners, Poett home care
products, Fresh Step cat litter, Glad bags, wraps and containers, Kingsford
charcoal, Hidden Valley and KC Masterpiece dressings and sauces, Brita
waterfiltration products, and Burt's Bees and gud natural personal care
products.Nearly 90 percent of the company's brands hold the no.1 or No.2 market
share positions in their categories.The company's products are manufactured in
more than two dozen countries and marketed in more than 100 countries.Clorox is
committed to making a positive difference in the communities where its employees
work and live.Founded in 1980, the clorox company foundation has awarded cash
grants totaling more than $87 million to nonprofit organizations, schools and
colleges.In fiscal year 2012 alone, the foundation awarded $3.5 million in cash
grants, and Clorox made product donations valued at $15 million. Forwardlooking
statementsthis press release contains"Forwardlooking statements"Within the
meaning of section 27a of The securities act of 1933, as amended(The securities
act),AndSection 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended(The
exchange act),Andsuch forwardlooking statements involve
risksAnduncertainties.Except for historical information, matters discussed
above, including statements about future volume, sales, costs, cost savings,
earnings, cash flows, Plans,objectives, expectations, growth, or profitability,
are forwardlooking statements based on management's
Estimates,assumptionsAndprojections.Words such as"Will," "Could," "May,"
"Expects," "Anticipates," "Targets," "Goals," "Projects," "Intends," "Plans,"
"Believes," "Seeks," "Estimates,"And variations on such words,Andsimilar
expressions, are intended to identify such forwardlooking statements.These
forwardlooking statements are only predictions, subject to
risksAnduncertainties,Andactual results could differ materially from those
discussed above.Important factors that could affect performanceAndcause results
to differ materially from management's expectations are described in the
sections entitled"Risk factors"And"Management's DiscussionAndAnalysis of
Financial ConditionAndResults of Operations"In the annual report on form 10k for
the fiscal year ended june 30, 2012, as updated from time to time in the
company's sec filings.These factors include, but are not limited to: the
company's costs, including volatilityAndincreases in commodity costs such as
resin, diesel, chloralkali, sodium hypochlorite, highstrength bleach,
agricultural commoditiesAndother raw materials;Increases in energy costs; the
ability of the company to implementAndgenerate expected savings from its
programs to reduce costs, including its supply chain restructuringAndother
restructuring plans;Supply disruptions or any future supply constraints that may
affect key commodities or product inputs;Risks inherent in relationships with
suppliers, including solesource or singlesource suppliers;Risks related to the
handling and/or transportation of hazardous substances, including, but not
limited to, chlorine;The success of the company's strategies; the ability to
manageAndrealize the benefits of joint venturesAndother cooperative
relationships, including the company's joint venture regarding the company's
Glad plastic bags, wrapsAndcontainers business,Andthe agreements relating to the
provision of information technology, procure to payAndother key services by
third parties; risks relating to acquisitions, mergersAnddivestitures,Andthe
costs associated therewith; risks inherent in maintaining an effective system of
internal controls, including the potential impact of acquisitions or the use of
thirdparty service providers,Andthe need to refine controls to adjust for
accounting, financial reportingAndother organizational changes or business
conditions; the ability of the company to successfully manage tax, regulatory,
product liability, intellectual property, environmentalAndother legal matters,
including the risk resulting from jointAndseveral liability for environmental
contingenciesAndrisks inherent in litigation, including class action
litigationAndInternational litigation; risks related to maintainingAndupdating
the company's information systems, including potential disruptions, costsAndthe
ability of the company to implement adequate information systems in order to
support the current businessAndto support the company's potential growth;The
ability of the company to develop commercially successful products that delight
the consumer; consumerAndcustomer reaction to price changes;Actions by
competitors;Risks related to customer concentration; customerspecific ordering
patternsAndtrends;Risks arising out of natural disasters;The impact of disease
outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics on the company's, suppliers' or customers'
operations;Changes in the company's tax rate; unfavorable worldwide, regional or
local general economicAndmarketplace conditionsAndevents, including consumer
confidenceAndconsumer spending levels, the rate of economic growth, the rate of
inflation or deflation,Andthe financial condition of the company's customers,
suppliersAndservice providers; foreign currency exchange rate
fluctuationsAndother risks of international operations, including
governmentimposed price controls; unfavorable political conditions in the
countries where the company does businessAndother operational risks in such
countries; the impact of the volatility of the debtAndequity markets on the
company's cost of borrowing, cost of capitalAndaccess to funds, including
commercial paperAndits credit facility; risks relating to changes in the
company's capital structure, including risks related to the company's ability to
implement share repurchase plansAndthe impact thereof on the company's capital
structureAndearnings per share; the impact of any unanticipated restructuring or
assetimpairment chargesAndthe ability of the company to successfully implement
restructuring plans;Risks arising from declines in cash flow, whether resulting
from declining sales, higher cost levels, tax payments, debt payments, share
repurchases, higher capital spending, interest cost increases greater than
management's expectations, interest rate fluctuations, increases in debt or
changes in credit ratings, or otherwise; the costsAndavailability of
shippingAndtransport services;Potential costs in the event of stockholder
activism;Andthe company's ability to maintain its business reputationAndthe
reputation of its brands. The company has disclosed information related to sales
growth, gross margin and diluted eps on a nongaap basis to supplement its
condensed consolidated statements of earnings presented in accordance with
gaap.These nongaap financial measures exclude certain items that are included in
the company's results reported in accordance with gaap, including charges
associated with simplification of the company's supply chain and other
restructuringrelated charges and the impact of foreign exchange and foreign
currency exchange transactions and acquisitions. Management believes that these
nongaap financial measures provide useful additional information to investors
about current trends in the company's operations and are useful for
periodoverperiod comparisons.These nongaap financial measures should not be
considered in isolation or as a substitute for the comparable gaap measures.In
addition, these nongaap measures may not be the same as similar measures
provided by other companies due to potential differences in methods of
calculation and items being excluded.They should only be read in connection with
the company's condensed consolidated statements of earnings presented in
accordance with gaap.
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